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Build your geospatial knowledge

Evergreen explanations and practical knowledge for GIS, cartography, spatial data, and web mapping.

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Vector Operations 15Spatial Analysis 14World Map Projections & CRS 13Map Types & Representation 11GIS Formats & Cloud Native Data 9Coordinate Systems 7Geocoding Place Names & Identifiers 7Data Quality & Troubleshooting 5
introductory

Why Is My GIS Data Appearing in the Wrong Place?

Learn why GIS layers appear in the wrong location, how to distinguish CRS and coordinate-order problems from bad source data, and what to check before changing anything.

Geobble
introductory

Assigning a CRS vs Reprojecting Data

Learn the difference between assigning a coordinate reference system and reprojecting data, why confusing them can move a layer to the wrong place, and which operation to use.

Geobble
introductory

Latitude vs Longitude: Which Comes First?

Learn why coordinate order changes between geographic notation, GIS software, GeoJSON, and EPSG:4326—and how to avoid silently swapping latitude and longitude.

Geobble
introductory

EPSG:4326 vs EPSG:3857: WGS 84 and Web Mercator Explained

Learn how EPSG:4326 and EPSG:3857 represent location differently, why web maps commonly use both, and which CRS is appropriate for storage, display, and spatial measurement.

Geobble